Since the beginning of this year, the country has implemented the old-for-new policy, which can be said to have brought unprecedented benefits to the automobile dismantling and recycling industry. The policy proposes that by 2027, the amount of end-of-life car recycling will be doubled compared to 2023. As far as China's auto dismantling industry is concerned, although it has been developing rapidly in recent years, compared with the developed countries, China's late start, so the industry is still in a period of development, and in the future, with the continuous promotion of the policy and the continuous growth of market demand, the end-of-life car dismantling industry is expected to become a new point of economic growth.
With the continuous development of the automobile dismantling industry, will produce significant benefits to the scrap iron and steel industry, according to Zhuochuang information research, passenger car dismantled scrap iron and steel output accounted for about 55% -60%, while the truck dismantled scrap iron and steel accounted for more than 80%. 2023 China's automobile holdings to 336 million, according to incomplete statistics in 2023, China's number of dismantled cars in the 13 million, the amount of dismantled scrap steel production of 10 million, the amount of dismantled cars, the amount of dismantled scrap steel production of 10 million. The amount of scrap steel generated by dismantled cars is about 10 million tons, accounting for about 5% of the scrap steel resources.
In the future, with the gradual landing of the old-for-new policy, will help the continuous improvement of the amount of scrap iron and steel resources. Dismantling is a prerequisite for product recycling and reuse. Extending the service life of products and enabling the reuse of product parts or materials can not only maintain the continuous demand for various consumer products in society, but also save resources.
Dismantling is the first part of recycling and reuse, and compared with the assembly process, the disassembly process is affected by more uncertainties, so the complexity of disassembly is higher than the complexity of assembly. Disassembly is one of the key technologies to be researched due to the fact that disassembly possibilities are not unique due to the uniqueness of the goal, and how to realize the disassembly of the product with high efficiency, high precision, and high economy.
The process of selecting dismantling methods for scrap automobiles is based on the state of the scrap automobile or the degree of damage to the parts, first selecting the dismantling method and then determining the depth of dismantling. For the dismantling of end-of-life automobile parts and components can not be completely in accordance with the assembly of the reverse order to consider, the main reason is that the non-destructive dismantling of scrap automobiles should meet the following requirements:
1. Effectiveness: choose non-destructive dismantling to be both efficient and effective.
2. Finiteness: the depth of dismantling should be determined on the principle of maximizing economic benefits and minimizing environmental impact.
3. Usefulness: choose non-destructive dismantling for parts and components with use value; choose recycling materials for parts and components that are damaged due to deformation or corrosion and do not have use value. For example, for cars damaged by accidents, removable parts should be determined according to the degree of damage. However, when the roof of a car is flattened, the dismantling of its internal parts is restricted, and they can generally only be recycled as materials. For reusable parts, non-destructive and quasi-destructive methods of dismantling should be selected on the premise of meeting economic benefits. The choice of dismantling methods for the purpose of material recycling should also meet the requirements of effectively separating different types of materials, increasing the degree of remaining debris, and separating hazardous and harmful substances. Therefore, the determination of dismantling methods should be based on the actual condition of the received used cars.
About 80% of the total weight of used automobiles is metal materials, and the recycling rate directly affects the size of the recycling value of the automobiles. For vehicles that are dismantled for the purpose of material recycling and utilization, destructive dismantling is adopted, and after dismantling, flattening and shearing are carried out; different types of materials are still mixed together, and material crushing and sorting are necessary to separate them. Typical processes for metal material handling are an overall crushing method and cutting method, and sorting technology is used after crushing.
1. Crushing method: ① shearing, that is, the use of a shear machine to produce the shear effect of the blade can be rotated in different directions, at the same time, in 2 different directions to produce the force acting on the same object; ② grinding, that is, the use of friction principle to make the object grinding; ③ hit, that is, the use of direct force to make the size of the object to reduce the size.
2. Sorting technology: Separation is the most critical step in recycling, which is the bottleneck that restricts the reproduction of waste products, and good sorting technology can improve recycling efficiency and maximize the recycling effect. The waste automobile is composed of a variety of materials, must find the technology suitable for its characteristics to complete, and can not simply adopt the separation technology of other industries. Usually, the separation is carried out according to the physical properties of the sorted materials, such as the differences in particle size, specific gravity, electromagnetic properties, and so on.
3. Gas separation technology: gas separation is according to the kinetic properties of mixed materials into light and heavy 2 types of substances, sorting is mainly based on the density, size, and shape of the material. Magnetic Separation Technology: Magnetic separation is mainly used after primary and gas separation, and is a processing method that utilizes the magnetic differences of various materials in solid waste to sort them in uneven magnetic sound. In automobile shredded materials, for particles with different properties, among their many physical properties, in addition to the differences in density, particle size, and shape, especially the magnetic difference is more prominent, so among the various sorting methods, the magnetic sorting technology is prioritized. Laser optical detection spectrum: applicable to the separation of scrap aluminum materials.
Through the process, the defects contained in the scrap parts and components, so that the performance of the parts and components to the level of reuse, known as the remanufacturing process. The process is divided into two main categories:
The first category: is mechanical processing, so that parts and components restore the normal size and mechanical fit characteristics;
The second category: the use of laser surface treatment, cladding, chemical plating spray plating, and other methods of defective parts of the complementary repair, or expansion, reduction of light pressure processing methods are parts to restore their due geometric dimensions and surface condition.
Due to the end-of-life parts and components of different sizes, containing defects are different, it is usually difficult to through the large-scale automated production line for uniform processing. So the remanufacturing process is still generally manual to assist the corresponding equipment for processing. Commonly used equipment includes machining equipment, welding machines, plating equipment and so on.
Disposal of waste automobiles will cause serious pollution to the environment, while the dismantling process can realize the effective use of resources and reduce the consumption of natural resources. At the same time, automobile dismantling can also reduce environmental pollution through recycling and reuse.
Peaks-eco is actively participating and cooperating in the construction of an automobile recycling system to reduce the environmental impact of end-of-life vehicles. In the process of automobile dismantling, Peaks-eco complies with relevant environmental regulations and standards, and adopts environmentally friendly technologies and equipment for dismantling and processing to avoid pollution to the environment.
Automobile Dismantling Scene
