Waste To Energy (WTE) technology involves the thermal treatment of waste to release energy that is then used to generate steam and electricity.
Across the globe, growing volumes of waste and soaring energy prices are making Waste-to-Energy (WTE) a leading solution for a cleaner future.WTE plants not only help in landfill part through as much as 90% reduction in the volume of waste disposed. Using proven technology, the incinerator-boiler also captures the energy embedded in materials.
Waste-to-Energy (WtE), also known as "Energy-from-Waste" (EfW) or "Waste-to-Energy Recovery", is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity or heat from the primary waste treatment process or the process of processing waste into fuel. "Waste-to-Energy" is a form of energy recovery. Most "waste-to-energy" processes directly generate electricity, heat, or produce combustible commodities such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels through combustion.
This interactive graphic explains how the Waste to Energy plant works. It has been open since 2014 and operating at full capacity since day one. We also consistently operate within all pollution limits and report on the plant’s emissions on a monthly basis here.
The tipping Hall: In the tipping hall the waste is tipped into one of several tipping bays. Each bay has a hydraulically operated door designed to minimise noise and odour during tipping. Lights on each tipping bay indicate to the drivers of the vehicles which bay is available to receive waste.
The waste bunker: The tipping bays open into a waste bunker which is very deep. It can hold up to more than 10,000 tonnes of waste, enough to fuel the plant at full capacity for some days.
The incinerator: Overhead waste cranes mix the waste to ensure that it maintains a similar heating value. Thermal Cameras detect any hot spots in the waste bunker, if the temperature of any hot spot exceeds 90ºC water cannons automatically operate.
The combistion Chamber: The waste travels down the chutes and onto a horizontal feeder table where hydraulically operated ram feeders push the waste onto the stoker grate.The stoker grate is made up of alternate rows of fixed and moving cast steel bars that are arranged on a slope. The forward movement of these bars tumbles the waste slowly down the burning waste bed.Primary heated combustion air is drawn from above the waste bunker and fed into the waste bed through holes in each stoker grate bar. This process dries the waste and provides the correct amount of air to allow good combustion of the waste.
Secondary swirling air is introduced above the stoker grate. This ensures that the gases given off by the burning waste are thoroughly mixed, resulting in a fully optimised combustion process and lower levels of toxicity in the gases leaving the combustion chamber. Ammonia is also injected into the flue gas to reduce the level of Nitrogen Oxides to the level demanded by the Environmental Permit.
Electricity generation: Heat from the flue gases boils the water in the boiler tubes turning the water into steam in the Steam Drum, the steam is then super heated. This steam drives the turbine that in turn drives the generator, producing electricity.
The ash bunker: The resulting burnt out product is known as incinerator bottom ash and this falls from the base of the grate into a quench bath. Ash is collected in an Ash Bunker and loaded onto trucks by cranes and hoppers. Any oversized metal or other objects are removed and recycled and the remainder is sent to our partner plant at Tilbury Docks for processing and recycling into aggregate that is primarily used by the road building industry.
Managing the flue gases: Flue gases leave the boiler and pass into a reactor tower where hydrated lime, powdered activated carbon and water are injected into the swirling gas flow. These help neutralise acids and capture heavy metal particles.
Filtering the flue gases: Gases from the reactor tower are drawn into one of three fabric bag filters. These filters are each made from 2,048 6m long cylindrical fibre bags on steel wire cages. The clean gases pass through the filters and the Air Pollution Control Residue (APCR) collects on the outer surface of the bags.Compressed air pulses shake off the APCR into silos. The APCR is removed from the site by road tanker where it is recycled into cinder blocks for use by the construction trade.
Flue gas flow: Flue Gas is drawn through the entire process by Induced Draft Fans. The clean hot gas from the Fabric Filter is passed through a silencer and a heat exchanger that heats feed water to provide an efficient process.
The cooling stack: Cooled gas is forced up an 85 metre high stack where it is discharged into atmosphere. Emissions equipment continually monitors these emissions ensuring that our energy from waste plant stays within the limits set down in our environmental permit.
